看股功能更新
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265
backend/app/backtest/events.py
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265
backend/app/backtest/events.py
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"""事件回测引擎：入场条件命中 -> 次日买入 -> 持有 N 日 -> 全市场汇总统计。
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数据口径：
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- 行情底座是 candles（TDX 全量导入，不复权），全历史可用；
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- 指标计算用不复权价（与选股/看盘口径一致：J<10、RSI<30 等阈值均为归一化或惯例值）；
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- 收益率用 adj_factor 校正（ret = 出场价×f出 / 入场价×f入 - 1），消除除权除息失真；
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因子缺失的股退化为不复权收益（新股/缺因子，样本中占少数）。
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信号语义：与选股引擎一致——每条条件在信号日 d 为终点、lookback 窗口内
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match=all(连续满足)/any(曾经满足)，多条件之间取 AND。
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
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import numpy as np
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import pandas as pd
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from sqlalchemy import and_, func, not_, or_, select
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from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
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from ..models import AdjFactor, Candle, StockBasic
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from ..schemas import EventBacktestSpec
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from ..screener.engine import (
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FAMILIES,
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_family_of,
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_op_mask,
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_params_for,
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_resolve_params,
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_series_for,
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)
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# 指标配热缓冲 bar 数（MACD 等 EMA 类指标需要较长窗口才收敛）
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BUFFER_BARS = 80
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# 每批查询的股票数（全市场分块拉取，避免单条 SQL 过大）
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BATCH_SIZE = 800
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# 单次回测允许的最大样本数（超过则仅按日期取最近的，防内存失控）
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MAX_TRADES = 200_000
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class EventEngineError(RuntimeError):
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"""事件回测可预期的业务错误（信息透传前端）。"""
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def _signal_mask(g: pd.DataFrame, spec: EventBacktestSpec, cache: dict) -> pd.Series:
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"""单股全序列信号掩码：各条件（rolling lookback）AND。"""
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total = pd.Series(True, index=g.index)
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for cond in spec.entry.indicator:
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fam = _family_of(cond.indicator)
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if len(g) < FAMILIES[fam].min_bars:
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return pd.Series(False, index=g.index)
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s = _series_for(g, cond.indicator, _params_for(cond.indicator, cond.params), cache)
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if s is None:
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return pd.Series(False, index=g.index)
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if cond.value_indicator:
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target = _series_for(g, cond.value_indicator,
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_resolve_params(cond, cond.value_indicator), cache)
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if target is None:
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return pd.Series(False, index=g.index)
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else:
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target = pd.Series(cond.value, index=s.index)
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m = _op_mask(s, target, cond).astype(int)
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n = max(1, cond.lookback)
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if n > 1:
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rolled = m.rolling(n, min_periods=n).sum()
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m = (rolled == n) if cond.match == "all" else (rolled > 0)
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else:
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m = m.astype(bool)
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total = total & m.fillna(False).astype(bool)
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return total
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def _entry_exit_indices(sig_idx: int, spec: EventBacktestSpec, n: int) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
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"""信号日索引 -> (入场索引, 出场索引)。前视/越界返回 None。"""
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entry_i = sig_idx + 1 # 信号收盘后才动手：一律次日
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exit_i = entry_i + spec.holding_days
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if exit_i >= n:
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return None
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return entry_i, exit_i
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def _price_at(row: pd.Series, timing: str) -> float:
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return float(row["open"] if timing == "open" else row["close"])
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def _stats_block(trades: list[dict]) -> dict:
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"""样本集合 -> 汇总统计（空样本给零值）。"""
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if not trades:
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return {
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"samples": 0, "stocks": 0,
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"mean_pct": 0.0, "median_pct": 0.0, "win_rate": 0.0, "std_pct": 0.0,
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"p10_pct": 0.0, "p25_pct": 0.0, "p75_pct": 0.0, "p90_pct": 0.0,
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"max_pct": 0.0, "min_pct": 0.0, "by_year": [],
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}
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rets = np.array([t["ret_pct"] for t in trades], dtype=float)
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by_year: list[dict] = []
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df = pd.DataFrame(trades)
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for year, grp in df.groupby(df["entry_date"].dt.year):
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r = grp["ret_pct"].to_numpy()
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by_year.append({
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"year": int(year), "samples": int(len(r)),
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"mean_pct": round(float(r.mean()), 3),
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"median_pct": round(float(np.median(r)), 3),
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"win_rate": round(float((r > 0).mean() * 100), 2),
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})
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by_year.sort(key=lambda x: x["year"])
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return {
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"samples": int(len(rets)),
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"stocks": int(df["ts_code"].nunique()),
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"mean_pct": round(float(rets.mean()), 3),
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"median_pct": round(float(np.median(rets)), 3),
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"win_rate": round(float((rets > 0).mean() * 100), 2),
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"std_pct": round(float(rets.std(ddof=1)) if len(rets) > 1 else 0.0, 3),
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"p10_pct": round(float(np.percentile(rets, 10)), 3),
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"p25_pct": round(float(np.percentile(rets, 25)), 3),
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"p75_pct": round(float(np.percentile(rets, 75)), 3),
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"p90_pct": round(float(np.percentile(rets, 90)), 3),
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"max_pct": round(float(rets.max()), 3),
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"min_pct": round(float(rets.min()), 3),
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"by_year": by_year,
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}
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async def run_event_backtest(
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session: AsyncSession,
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spec: EventBacktestSpec,
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ts_code: str | None = None,
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start: date | None = None,
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end: date | None = None,
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) -> dict:
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"""主入口：返回 {spec, universe, start, end, stats, trades(sample), total}。"""
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entry = spec.entry
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if not entry.indicator:
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raise EventEngineError("入场条件必须包含技术指标条件（如 J<10、RSI<30）")
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# 时间窗：默认最近一年；end 以 candles 最大日期为准
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end_dt = end
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if end_dt is None:
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end_dt = (await session.scalar(select(func.max(Candle.ts)))) or date.today()
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if isinstance(end_dt, datetime):
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end_dt = end_dt.date()
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start_dt = start or (end_dt - timedelta(days=365))
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if start_dt >= end_dt:
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raise EventEngineError("回测起始日期必须早于结束日期")
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needed = _max_needed_bars_safe(entry) + BUFFER_BARS
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buffer_start = start_dt - timedelta(days=int(needed * 1.7)) # 交易日->日历日近似
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# 股票池：ts_code+symbol 映射（candles 按 symbol 存）
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name_map: dict[str, str] = {}
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if ts_code:
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rows = (await session.execute(
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select(StockBasic.ts_code, StockBasic.symbol, StockBasic.name)
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.where(StockBasic.ts_code == ts_code)
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)).all()
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if not rows:
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raise EventEngineError(f"未知股票代码: {ts_code}")
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universe = [(r[0], r[1]) for r in rows]
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name_map = {r[0]: r[2] for r in rows}
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else:
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stmt = select(StockBasic.ts_code, StockBasic.symbol, StockBasic.name).where(
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StockBasic.list_status == "L"
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)
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if entry.exclude_st:
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stmt = stmt.where(not_(or_(StockBasic.name.like("%ST%"), StockBasic.name.like("%退%"))))
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if entry.exclude_bj:
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stmt = stmt.where(not_(StockBasic.ts_code.like("%.BJ")))
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rows = (await session.execute(stmt)).all()
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universe = [(r[0], r[1]) for r in rows]
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name_map = {r[0]: r[2] for r in rows}
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start_ts = datetime(start_dt.year, start_dt.month, start_dt.day)
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end_ts = datetime(end_dt.year, end_dt.month, end_dt.day, 23, 59, 59)
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buffer_ts = datetime(buffer_start.year, buffer_start.month, buffer_start.day)
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trades: list[dict] = []
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for i in range(0, len(universe), BATCH_SIZE):
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batch = universe[i : i + BATCH_SIZE]
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symbols = [sym for _, sym in batch]
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code_by_symbol = {sym: code for code, sym in batch}
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candle_rows = (await session.execute(
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select(Candle.symbol, Candle.ts, Candle.open, Candle.high,
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Candle.low, Candle.close)
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.where(and_(Candle.timeframe == "1d",
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Candle.symbol.in_(symbols),
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Candle.ts >= buffer_ts, Candle.ts <= end_ts))
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.order_by(Candle.symbol, Candle.ts)
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)).all()
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if not candle_rows:
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continue
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codes = {code_by_symbol[s] for s in symbols}
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adj_rows = (await session.execute(
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select(AdjFactor.ts_code, AdjFactor.trade_date, AdjFactor.adj_factor)
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.where(and_(AdjFactor.ts_code.in_(codes),
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AdjFactor.trade_date >= buffer_ts, AdjFactor.trade_date <= end_ts))
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)).all()
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f_map = {(r[0], r[1].date()): float(r[2]) for r in adj_rows if r[2]}
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bars = pd.DataFrame(
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candle_rows, columns=["symbol", "ts", "open", "high", "low", "close"]
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)
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for symbol, g in bars.groupby("symbol", sort=False):
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if len(g) < 30:
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continue
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g = g.reset_index(drop=True)
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ts_code_l = code_by_symbol[symbol]
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cache: dict = {"_families": set()}
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mask = _signal_mask(g, spec, cache)
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if not mask.any():
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continue
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for sig_i in np.flatnonzero(mask.to_numpy()):
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ts_sig = g.at[sig_i, "ts"]
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# 信号必须落在回测窗口内（buffer 区只用于指标配热）
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if ts_sig < start_ts:
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continue
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ie = _entry_exit_indices(int(sig_i), spec, len(g))
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if ie is None:
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continue
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entry_i, exit_i = ie
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e_row, x_row = g.iloc[entry_i], g.iloc[exit_i]
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e_price = _price_at(e_row, "open" if spec.entry_timing == "next_open" else "close")
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x_price = _price_at(x_row, "open" if spec.exit_timing == "open" else "close")
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if not e_price or not x_price:
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continue
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f_in = f_map.get((ts_code_l, e_row["ts"].date()), 1.0)
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f_out = f_map.get((ts_code_l, x_row["ts"].date()), 1.0)
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ret_pct = (x_price * f_out) / (e_price * f_in) * 100 - 100
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trades.append({
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"ts_code": ts_code_l,
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"name": name_map.get(ts_code_l),
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"entry_date": e_row["ts"], "entry_price": round(e_price, 3),
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"exit_date": x_row["ts"], "exit_price": round(x_price, 3),
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"ret_pct": round(float(ret_pct), 3),
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})
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if len(trades) >= MAX_TRADES:
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break
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if len(trades) >= MAX_TRADES:
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break
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if len(trades) >= MAX_TRADES:
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break
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stats = _stats_block(trades)
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# 明细样本：最好 100 + 最差 100（其余统计已覆盖）
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trades_sorted = sorted(trades, key=lambda t: t["ret_pct"], reverse=True)
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sample = trades_sorted[:100] + (trades_sorted[-100:] if len(trades_sorted) > 100 else [])
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return {
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"spec": spec,
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"universe": ts_code or "all",
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"start": start_ts,
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"end": end_ts,
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"stats": stats,
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"trades": sample,
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"total": stats["samples"],
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}
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# ---------- 小工具 ----------
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def _max_needed_bars_safe(conds) -> int:
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"""指标配热所需最大 bar 数（同 screener.engine._max_needed_bars）。"""
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need = 1
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for c in conds.indicator:
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need = max(need, FAMILIES[_family_of(c.indicator)].min_bars + c.lookback)
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if c.value_indicator:
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need = max(need, FAMILIES[_family_of(c.value_indicator)].min_bars + c.lookback)
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return need
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